Human Anatomy

The Department of Anatomy is a foundation Department in the State University of Medical and Applied Sciences, Igbo-Eno, Enugu State. It came into existence with the enactment of the University Act by the Enugu State House of Assembly in 2022. The Department started out offering a single honours Standard stand-alone Four-Year Degree Programme in Anatomy. This is addition to its role of teaching Anatomy courses to the MB.BS medical programme and offering service courses to the Health Science programmes in Nursing, Radiography, Physiotherapy and Medical Laboratory Science. The courses on offer including lectures, practicals and tutorials, are designed to give students an understanding of Human Anatomy.

 

ANA 201. Introduction to Anatomy and Gross Anatomy I          3 Units

(a) History of Anatomy From Hypocrate and Galen, Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Alexandra School, English, French, American, Russian contributions, BC to AD.

Descriptive terms, Planes and terms of the relationship of the Human body, Terms of comparison muscles types, attachment of the muscles. Movement of joints, Osteology, Principle of Kinesiology, general organization of the nervous system and vascular system.

(b)       Upper limb; Pectoral region and mammary gland. Axilla and brachial plexus, deltoid and scapular regions, upper arm, forearm, hand bones and joints. (c) Lower limb; back of the thigh and popliteal fossa, leg, sole of foot, bones and joints, surface anatomy, applied and radiological anatomy of upper limb and lower limb.

ANA 202. Gross Anatomy II                                                           3 Units

(a) Thoracic wall, lungs, mediastinum and diaphragm, abdomen, the heart and vessels, anterior abdominal wall and hernia external genitalia, peritoneum, stomach and intestines, blood supply, gut, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and suprarenal.

(b) Pelvis – male and female perineum – pelvic walls and floor – pelvic peritoneum, viscera, nerves and vessels. Regional Anatomy Surface, Anatomy, Radiological Anatomy of thorax, abdomen pelvis and perineum.

ANA 213. General Embryology                                                      2 Units

Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Fertilization, Discs, Organogenesis, Foetal Period, Gametogenesis, Cyclic changes in the female genital tracts, cleavage, blastocyst, gastrulation and formation of germ layers, Bones and joints, segmentation of mesoderm, folding of embryo, fetal membranes, umbilical cord and placentation, development of limbs and teratology, developmental anomalies, clinical syndromes.

 Human Genetics: Includes fundamental human genetic principles, variation in gene expression in man, Patterns of inheritance in families, (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, sex-linked). Cytogenetic, types and classification of human chromosomes, methods of preparation of human chromosomes and karyotyping.Types of numerical and structural chromosome, aberrations and their causes.

ANA 214. Systemic Embryology I                                                  2 Units

Developmental aspect of cardiovascular system. Integumentary system, respiratory system, digestive system andurogenital system, developmental abnormalities, clinical syndromes

ANA 225. General Histology and Cytology                                   2 Units

(A) Cytology, cell membrane, Metabolism components of the cells, cell cycle, chromosomes, protein secretion, and transcription of DNA.

(B) Methods in Histology

(C) Introduction to light microscopy, electron microscopy and units of measurement

(D) General Histology, basic tissues, muscles and nervous tissues

(E) lymphoid organs.

ANA 226. Systemic Histology I                                                       2 Units

Cardiovascular system, skin, glands of the skin, nail, structure of the hair, respiratory system, respiratory system, digestive system and urinary system, electron microscopic observation of each organ.

ANA 301 Gross Anatomy III (Head and Neck)                             3 Unit

(a) Head and Neck, face and scalp, back and spinal cord, cranial cavity, parotid gland. Temporal and infratemporal regions, triangles of neck, submandibular region and joints of neck, mouth and tongue, pharynx and palate-nasal cavity and sinuses, larynx, ear and eye.

ANA 304. Cranial Nerves                                                                3 Units

ANA 305. Neuroanatomy I                                                              2 Units

Meanings, base of brain and blood supply, hind brain, medulla, pons, cerebellum and 4th ventricles, midbrain, diencephalon and 3rd ventricles, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, synapses, reflexes-sensory and ascending pathways, motor and descending pathways, cerebellar connection, pathways for hearing, smell and vision, autonomic systems, radiological and applied anatomy of the above items.

ANA 308. Anatomical and Museum Techniques                           2 Units

techniques for the preservation of gross anatomical tissues for teaching and research. Embalming and cadaver preservation. Wet and dry specimen preparation techniques for museum set up and maintenance.

ANA 311. Systemic Embryology II                                                 2 Units

Development of the face and pharyngeal derivatives and teratology and development of nervous system, sense organs, development anomalies and clinical syndromes.

ANA 323. Systemic Histology II                                                      2 Units

Studies of the male and female reproductive systems. The endocrine system and Neurohistology; spinal cord, Brain Stem, cerebrum and cerebellum.Organ of special senses, sensory receptors, ear and eye.Also, functional co-relationship with other organs.

ANA 332. Relevant laboratory technique                                      2 Units

Practical classes to implement all practical classes not carried out or embedded

ANA. 344 SIWES / Clinical Posting                                               4 Units

SIWES, SIWES Seminars and Clinical Posting

ANA 346. Basic Prosthetics                                                             2 Units

ANA 347. Radiological and Morbid Anatomy                               2 Units

ANA 374. Research Methods, Ethics & Biostatistics                    2 Units

Biostatistics and Research Methodology: Sources and presentation of data, sampling measures of central tendency, variation, Chi-Square Test, Correlation and Regression, Design and methods of Experimental study. Research initiation, organization and execution.Research writing and presentation, seminars, conference papers, symposia, etc.

ANA 400. Functional/Clinical Anatomy                                         2 Units

ANA 402. Seminar in Anatomy                                                       3 Units

Presentation of a comprehensive organized report on a chosen topic in anatomy and related areas.

ANA 408. Comparative Anatomy and Human Evolution            2 Units

Origin and evolution of man from the lower animals. Biology of primates, Principles of growth and variability, Human genetic variability, serological polymorphism, environmental effects on growth, anthropometry and modern techniques of body composition analysis. Human and other organisms compared, including vertebrates. Basic anatomy of animals especially primates compared with humans. Functional relationships and adaptations of anatomical structures of man and animals. 

ANA 411. Embryological Mechanics and Teratology                   2 Units

Differentiation, de-differentiation, and organizers, Teratology and Malformation processes, Cloning, Reproductive technology

ANA 413. Medical Imaging and Functional Anatomy                  2 Units

Basic principles of Radiographical imaging of the human tissue, Radiological identification of major body structures, Introduction to modern imaging techniques, and Precautionary measures. Extremities and Biomechanics Movements, flexion/extension, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, rotation, pronation, adduction abduction, circumduction Biomechanics.

ANA 414. Stereology and Biological Morphometry                      2 Units

ANA 415. Bioanthropology, Biometry and Human Growth        2 Units

Bioanthropology: Biometry, human growth assessment parameters, factors affecting growth. Biomechanics.

ANA 417. Forensic Biology                                                              2 Units

ANA 425. Neuroanatomy II                                                             2 Units

ANA 433. Histochemistry & Cytochemistry                                  2 Units

Dissociation or Teasing, Smear technique or aspiration, sectioning, Vital staining, Micro incerration, Autoradiography, Microradiography, Transplant chamber technique, Fixation, Tissue processing, Staining, Mounting method, special stains and mounting media

ANA 435. Basic Histopathology                                                      2 Units

Examination and interpretation of histological sections, General Histopathology, degeneration and Atrophy, Necrosis, Hyperplasia, inflammation, granulation, wound healing and Neoplasia. Tissue pathology, common forms of cell and tissue injury – Pathological changes; cell and tissue adaptation, cell injury, cell and tissue degeneration, cell ageing, and cell death

ANA 455. Medical Genetics, Molecular Biology                           2 Units

Structure and function of human cell, cell cycle, function, of organelles, cell membranes, microtubules, and microfilaments, osmosis, diffusion transportation. This involves molecular processes of DNA replication, RNA Transcription, Protein translation, gene sequencing, genetic mechanism and expression, cloning cell divisions, morphogenesis, gene replacement therapies

ANA 457. Laboratory Technics in Anatomy                                 2 Units

This involves magnification of structures and organelles of the cell. (tens and hundreds of times) with the light microscope of slide preparations of different tissues or organs, visualizing the internal structures which enable the organs function e.g. elements of muscle fibres and glands for secretion

ANA 492. Project                                                                              6 Units

Students will undertake research project on simple problems in areas of their interest and guided by their supervisors. In addition to experimental work, the students will be required to learn how to search and compile and literature review, present, collect and arrange bibliography.