Toxicology

Basic principle of toxicology, definition and scope; absorption and distribution of toxicants; toxicokinetics, metabolism of toxicants; comparative toxicology; elimination of toxicants and their metabolites, toxicant-receptor interactions, genetics poison, chemical carcinogenesis; trace element toxicity, hepatotoxicity. Biological effects of toxic substances in living organisms. Metabolism, cellular and tissue targets, mechanism of action, and pathological effects. Resistance and tolerance of toxicants, natural toxicants, chronic testing in animals; tests for mutagenicity in toxicological evaluation of chemicals; isolation and structural elucidation of toxicants; enzymatic detoxification.