Pharmaceutical Technology I (Unit Operations)

Definition and objective of mixing, mixing process and types of mixing techniques with associated advantages and disadvantages.  Solids/Solid, Solid/Liquid, Liquid/Liquid and Solid/Semi-solid, Semi-Solid/Semi-solid mixing. Random mixture. Degree of mixing/Mixedness. Demixing of powders, scale of scrutiny. Importance of mixing in Pharmacy; Classes and types of industrial mixers and their operating principles, Size reduction/Milling: Theory and terminologies.  Factors affecting size reduction, methods and equipment for size reduction; pharmaceutical application.  Size separation techniques (standard sieves and other methods); Clarification and Filtration Processes (theory and factors affecting filtration, Assessment of filter media and filter aids; filtration equipment {continuous rotary vacuum filter, the filter press and the edge filters); Sedimentation and Centrifugation – principles and equipment. Mass and Heat transfer-conduction, convection; factors affecting heat transfer, Evaporation-factors affecting evaporation, Evaporators, Demonstration of distillation, principle and applications: Various processes of distillation. Extraction and extraction methods.