Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I

Introduction: Fundamental concepts in organic chemistry – bonding and reactivity of organic compounds, hybridization, resonance theory, inductive, electronic, mesomeric effects and hyperconjugation. Types of organic reactions and their mechanisms:  Aliphatic and aromatic nucleophilic substitution; Aliphatic and aromatic electrophilic substitution; Elimination reactions; Addition and rearrangement reactions. General review of organic reactions leading to interconversion and modification of functional groups through nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution, elimination addition and rearrangement reactions. Utility of these reactions for isolation, characterization, elucidation of structure and synthesis of medicinal products.

 Nomenclature of all the functional groups: amides, alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, alkylhalides, ketones, and carboxylic acids; Introduction:  Functional group reactions and applications to synthesis of organic compound and their effects on stability, use in pharmacy, other physiochemical properties, solubility, absorption, distribution and excretion when found in drug molecules. Organic synthesis of medicinal compounds involving several stages, e.g. preparation of benzocaine (Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate); Preparation of Aspirin; Preparation of sulphanilamide, etc.