Pharmaceutical Dispensing

Sources of pharmaceutical information relevant in dispensing – the pharmacopoeias, Merck index, the Codex, Formularies, Treatment Guidelines etc. Fundamental Operations in weighing: Errors in using dispensing balances; minimum weighable amounts and weighing techniques; conical and beaker shaped measures for dispensing liquids; errors in measurements and measuring technique, volume measurement, accuracy, precision, displacement values etc.  Household measures and weighing of small amounts of materials (teaspoons, tablespoons, dessertspoons etc). Dispensing; – Definitions and types. Hospital drug supply systems – Bulk ward supply replenishment system (BWSRS), Unit Dose Dispensing System (UDDS), Individual medication Order System (IMOS), Automated Medication Dispensing System (AMDS) etc. The Dispensing Cycle. Dispensing Errors and the Good Dispensing Practices (GDP). The prescription – evaluation, interpretation and handling.  The Pharmacist’s legal obligation and burden; Refusal to dispense a prescription. Definition of terms, – Dose, Dosage and Regimen and dosage forms. Pharmacist prescriber models.  Pharmaceutical Dosage forms and surgical materials: Solutions, mixtures, linctuses, syrups, elixirs, emulsions, applications, lotions, gargles, mouth washes, nasal and ear drops. Tinctures, mucilages, aromatic waters, s Infusions, Suspensions, Powders, granules Capsules, Tablets, Lozenges, Inhalations, Effervescent granules  etc.  Injectables; types and routes of administration. Large volume parenterals (intravenous infusions) Definitions, types, components, concentrations and uses. The syringe – Parts, capacities and needle gauges. Types and uses of; canulars, blood, urine bags, personal protection equipment (PPE), Medical gasses, wound management products, orthotics and prosthetics materials. Computer in Pharmacy. Pharmaceutical solutions and Solubility: factors affecting solubility and rate of solution; Solutions of liquids in liquids; The distribution of solutes between immiscible liquids and applications of the distribution law in pharmacy; Colligative properties of solutions.