Measurement and Instrumentation

Measurements in general, errors, methods, SI units system, R-L-C-E standards, indicating meters in general, static and dynamic properties, calibration problems. Moving coil meters- A, V, ohm, Galvanometer -special types, universal meter, ratiometer. Moving iron meters, -A, V; Electrodynameters; -A, V, W, Cos fi meter. Integrating meters, instrument for higher frequencies. Electrostatic and thermal meters, calibration problems: Measurement of R, L, C using indicating meters, Instrument transformers, DC potentiometers. AC Bridges, Magnetic quantities measurement, C.R.O as a measuring instrument, Electronic voltmeters, Digital measuring equipment in general, digital voltmeters and counters. Non-electrical measurements in general. Active transducers: – thermoelectric, photoelectric, electromagnetic, piezoelectric. Passive transducers: – inductance, capacitance, resistance, thermoelectric, strain gauge, magneto elastic, hallotrons apparatus working on amplitude modulation, sensors and apparatus for vibration and acceleration measurement. Recorders and various systems of recording. Dynamic properties of measuring transducers-errors transfer function, correction techniques. Transistorized measuring transducers-errors transfer function, correction techniques. Transistorized measuring transducers, sensitivity and stability problems of electronic measuring transducers. Measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure, temperature, torque, revolving speed. Function generators, wave analysers; Analog (A) and digital (D) data acquisition systems: tape recorders, D/A and A/D conversions, sample and hold circuits.