Hydraulics

Uniform flow in open channels: open channel, uniform flow, hydraulic mean depth, hydraulic gradient, broad-crested weir and venturi flume, force equation, best hydraulic section.  Non-uniform flow in open channels: energy equation for open streams, specific energy, critical velocity and critical depth, hydraulic jump, backwater curves. Hydraulic structures: culverts, Dams, Dykes/Levees, Weirs, Docks and Harbours, spillways, stilling basins, siphons, manholes and coastal structures.  Water power Engineering: Introduction, unsteady flow; Discharge under varying heads, water hammer, surge chamber, Hydraulic model rules, purpose of models, laws of similitude, types of models and practical model scales.  Sediment transport formulae.