Evolutionary Genetics

Evolutionary change processes; How changes in gene structure and function can be recognised.  Different genes and how they affect the fitness of individuals. The frequencies of different alleles and how they are altered in populations. New species and how they develop. Polymorphisms and evolution of plants, insects and mammals. Variations in cell proteins and morphological characters, fitness, migration, genetic drift, breeding systems, types of selection, effects of man-made changes, introns and gene duplications, theory of neutral evolution, molecular clocks, molecular phylogeny, roles of RNA and DNA genomes