Comparative Biochemistry

Metabolic variation and their overall reaction; tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle/glyoxylate, regeneration of NAD from NADH in different tissues and organs, energy trapping and reduced co-enzyme. Aerobic metabolism, Lipid metabolism in humans/kangaroo rats, brown adipose tissue (BAT). Function of BPG in haemoglobin and its binding effect. Histone: function, specific variation in mammals/lower animals/bacteria. Ruminant biochemistry: metabolism of carbohydrate, proteins and lipids and their metabolic disease, synthesis of milk sugar and their variation composition in hums/bovine/caprine etc. and their implication in human infants. Bioluminescence and estimation of ATP by luminescence. Phytochrome. Pherohomones. Biochemistry of vision chromophore in human as oppose to ATP synthesis in bacteria and Na+ pump in invertebrate. Classical comparative biochemistry: evolution as related to phosphogen distribution in classification and explanation of vertebrate origin.