Basic Pharmacokinetics

Definition of terminology and symbols used in pharmacokinetics. Basic mathematical reviews. ADME and their kinetics. Pharmacokinetic parameters – AUC, V_d, C_pmax, etc. Pharmacokinetic models: compartmental (single and multiple compartment models), non-compartmental and physiology-based models. Drug clearance. Hepatic elimination of drugs. Extravascular and intravascular drug administration – instantaneous and non-instantaneous inputs- infusions. Multiple dose administration. Dosage regimens. Prolonged action dosage form administration. Non-linear pharmacokinetics. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, concentration vs time/effect relationship. Relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacologic response. Instrumentation in pharmacokinetic analysis. Calculation of various pharmacokinetic parameters.  Statistical moments, pharmacokinetic parameters derived from statistical moments. Cell/tissue/organ-level pharmacokinetics – ocular, pulmonary, dermal/transdermal (dermatopharmacokinetics), etc. Clearance: organ-specific clearance (hepatic and renal) and considerations for paediatric and geriatric patients. Pharmacokinetic behaviour of biopharmaceuticals (protein and peptide drugs). Biodrug monitoring.