Engineering Surveys I

Introduction to Engineering Surveying and Principles.  Chain surveying: principles and methods.  Measurement errors and correction.  Applications. Compass surveying: Magnetism and the compass, compass traversing.  Plane Table surveying.  Traversing: principles, types – closed and open, bearing and co-ordinates, applications.  Leveling: geodetic leveling – principles and leveling terminologies.  Methods – rise and fall, Height of Collimation; Errors and their adjustment.  Applications – setting out, contouring, sectioning (longitudinal and cross sections).  Tacheometry: principles, tacheometer, types – stadia tacheometry, subtense tacheometry. Electromagnetic measurements (E.D.M) principles, instrument characteristics, EDM corrections.  Applications. Introduction to Photogrammetry: principles, types – Terrestrial and Aerial photogrammetry.